Modeling Phenological Phases of Winter Wheat Based on Temperature and the Start of the Growing Season

The phenological phases of field crops have shifted to earlier times in the Czech Republic recent decades; additionally, they shown correlations with temperatures from previous spring months. Using a thermal time model called PhenoClim, between and phenophases allow us evaluate strongest predictors (i.e., maximum temperature) indicators base growing degree days for selected winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). With help this model, it is possible explain 0.6–0.82% phase variability estimate onset period stations (with RMSE values 9.4 jointing, 4.3 heading, 5.3 full ripeness). To further refine modeled onsets phenophases, we used satellite data, specifically normalized difference vegetation index enhanced 2 MODIS; based on these indices, start season (SOS) was determined. After including SOS average accuracies ranging 6.2 15.2. By combining remote sensing data concerning determination SOS, can modeling ripeness some locations.